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Miscellaneous functions for dealing with sequences.
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Calculates G+C content, returns the percentage (float between 0 and 100). Copes mixed case sequences, and with the ambiguous nucleotide S (G or C) when counting the G and C content. The percentage is calculated against the full length, e.g.: >>> from Bio.SeqUtils import GC >>> GC("ACTGN") 40.0 Note that this will return zero for an empty sequence. |
Calculates total G+C content plus first, second and third positions. Returns a tuple of four floats (percentages between 0 and 100) for the entire sequence, and the three codon positions. e.g. >>> from Bio.SeqUtils import GC123 >>> GC123("ACTGTN") (40.0, 50.0, 50.0, 0.0) Copes with mixed case sequences, but does NOT deal with ambiguous nucleotides. |
Calculates GC skew (G-C)/(G+C) for multuple windows along the sequence. Returns a list of ratios (floats), controlled by the length of the sequence and the size of the window. Does NOT look at any ambiguous nucleotides. |
Search for a DNA subseq in sequence. use ambiguous values (like N = A or T or C or G, R = A or G etc.) searches only on forward strand |
Turn a one letter code protein sequence into one with three letter codes. The single input argument 'seq' should be a protein sequence using single letter codes, either as a python string or as a Seq or MutableSeq object. This function returns the amino acid sequence as a string using the three letter amino acid codes. Output follows the IUPAC standard (including ambiguous characters B for "Asx", J for "Xle" and X for "Xaa", and also U for "Sel" and O for "Pyl") plus "Ter" for a terminator given as an asterisk. Any unknown character (including possible gap characters), is changed into 'Xaa'. e.g. >>> from Bio.SeqUtils import seq3 >>> seq3("MAIVMGRWKGAR*") 'MetAlaIleValMetGlyArgTrpLysGlyAlaArgTer' This function was inspired by BioPerl's seq3. |
Formatted string showing the 6 frame translations and GC content. nice looking 6 frame translation with GC content - code from xbbtools similar to DNA Striders six-frame translation e.g. from Bio.SeqUtils import six_frame_translations print six_frame_translations("AUGGCCAUUGUAAUGGGCCGCUGA") |
Simple FASTA reader, returning a list of string tuples. The single argument 'file' should be the filename of a FASTA format file. This function will open and read in the entire file, constructing a list of all the records, each held as a tuple of strings (the sequence name or title, and its sequence). This function was originally intended for use on large files, where its low overhead makes it very fast. However, because it returns the data as a single in memory list, this can require a lot of RAM on large files. You are generally encouraged to use Bio.SeqIO.parse(handle, "fasta") which allows you to iterate over the records one by one (avoiding having all the records in memory at once). Using Bio.SeqIO also makes it easy to switch between different input file formats. However, please note that rather than simple strings, Bio.SeqIO uses SeqRecord objects for each record. |
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