i3
x.c
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1 /*
2  * vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
3  *
4  * i3 - an improved dynamic tiling window manager
5  * © 2009-2012 Michael Stapelberg and contributors (see also: LICENSE)
6  *
7  * x.c: Interface to X11, transfers our in-memory state to X11 (see also
8  * render.c). Basically a big state machine.
9  *
10  */
11 #include "all.h"
12 
13 /* Stores the X11 window ID of the currently focused window */
14 xcb_window_t focused_id = XCB_NONE;
15 
16 /* The bottom-to-top window stack of all windows which are managed by i3.
17  * Used for x_get_window_stack(). */
18 static xcb_window_t *btt_stack;
19 static int btt_stack_num;
20 
21 /* Stores coordinates to warp mouse pointer to if set */
22 static Rect *warp_to;
23 
24 /*
25  * Describes the X11 state we may modify (map state, position, window stack).
26  * There is one entry per container. The state represents the current situation
27  * as X11 sees it (with the exception of the order in the state_head CIRCLEQ,
28  * which represents the order that will be pushed to X11, while old_state_head
29  * represents the current order). It will be updated in x_push_changes().
30  *
31  */
32 typedef struct con_state {
33  xcb_window_t id;
34  bool mapped;
35  bool unmap_now;
37 
39  Con *con;
40 
41  /* For reparenting, we have a flag (need_reparent) and the X ID of the old
42  * frame this window was in. The latter is necessary because we need to
43  * ignore UnmapNotify events (by changing the window event mask). */
45  xcb_window_t old_frame;
46 
49 
50  bool initial;
51 
52  char *name;
53 
55  CIRCLEQ_ENTRY(con_state) old_state;
56 } con_state;
57 
58 CIRCLEQ_HEAD(state_head, con_state) state_head =
59  CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(state_head);
60 
61 CIRCLEQ_HEAD(old_state_head, con_state) old_state_head =
62  CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(old_state_head);
63 
64 /*
65  * Returns the container state for the given frame. This function always
66  * returns a container state (otherwise, there is a bug in the code and the
67  * container state of a container for which x_con_init() was not called was
68  * requested).
69  *
70  */
71 static con_state *state_for_frame(xcb_window_t window) {
73  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(state, &state_head, state)
74  if (state->id == window)
75  return state;
76 
77  /* TODO: better error handling? */
78  ELOG("No state found\n");
79  assert(false);
80  return NULL;
81 }
82 
83 /*
84  * Initializes the X11 part for the given container. Called exactly once for
85  * every container from con_new().
86  *
87  */
88 void x_con_init(Con *con, uint16_t depth) {
89  /* TODO: maybe create the window when rendering first? we could then even
90  * get the initial geometry right */
91 
92  uint32_t mask = 0;
93  uint32_t values[5];
94 
95  xcb_visualid_t visual = XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT;
96  xcb_colormap_t win_colormap = XCB_NONE;
97  if (depth != root_depth && depth != XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT) {
98  /* For custom visuals, we need to create a colormap before creating
99  * this window. It will be freed directly after creating the window. */
100  visual = get_visualid_by_depth(depth);
101  win_colormap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
102  xcb_create_colormap_checked(conn, XCB_COLORMAP_ALLOC_NONE, win_colormap, root, visual);
103 
104  /* We explicitly set a background color and border color (even though we
105  * don’t even have a border) because the X11 server requires us to when
106  * using 32 bit color depths, see
107  * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3645632 */
108  mask |= XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL;
109  values[0] = root_screen->black_pixel;
110 
111  mask |= XCB_CW_BORDER_PIXEL;
112  values[1] = root_screen->black_pixel;
113 
114  /* our own frames should not be managed */
115  mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
116  values[2] = 1;
117 
118  /* see include/xcb.h for the FRAME_EVENT_MASK */
119  mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
120  values[3] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK & ~XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
121 
122  mask |= XCB_CW_COLORMAP;
123  values[4] = win_colormap;
124  } else {
125  /* our own frames should not be managed */
126  mask = XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
127  values[0] = 1;
128 
129  /* see include/xcb.h for the FRAME_EVENT_MASK */
130  mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
131  values[1] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK & ~XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
132 
133  mask |= XCB_CW_COLORMAP;
134  values[2] = colormap;
135  }
136 
137  Rect dims = { -15, -15, 10, 10 };
138  con->frame = create_window(conn, dims, depth, visual, XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT, XCURSOR_CURSOR_POINTER, false, mask, values);
139 
140  if (win_colormap != XCB_NONE)
141  xcb_free_colormap(conn, win_colormap);
142 
143  struct con_state *state = scalloc(sizeof(struct con_state));
144  state->id = con->frame;
145  state->mapped = false;
146  state->initial = true;
147  CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&state_head, state, state);
148  CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
149  DLOG("adding new state for window id 0x%08x\n", state->id);
150 }
151 
152 /*
153  * Re-initializes the associated X window state for this container. You have
154  * to call this when you assign a client to an empty container to ensure that
155  * its state gets updated correctly.
156  *
157  */
158 void x_reinit(Con *con) {
159  struct con_state *state;
160 
161  if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame)) == NULL) {
162  ELOG("window state not found\n");
163  return;
164  }
165 
166  DLOG("resetting state %p to initial\n", state);
167  state->initial = true;
168  state->child_mapped = false;
169  state->con = con;
170  memset(&(state->window_rect), 0, sizeof(Rect));
171 }
172 
173 /*
174  * Reparents the child window of the given container (necessary for sticky
175  * containers). The reparenting happens in the next call of x_push_changes().
176  *
177  */
178 void x_reparent_child(Con *con, Con *old) {
179  struct con_state *state;
180  if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame)) == NULL) {
181  ELOG("window state for con not found\n");
182  return;
183  }
184 
185  state->need_reparent = true;
186  state->old_frame = old->frame;
187 }
188 
189 /*
190  * Moves a child window from Container src to Container dest.
191  *
192  */
193 void x_move_win(Con *src, Con *dest) {
194  struct con_state *state_src, *state_dest;
195 
196  if ((state_src = state_for_frame(src->frame)) == NULL) {
197  ELOG("window state for src not found\n");
198  return;
199  }
200 
201  if ((state_dest = state_for_frame(dest->frame)) == NULL) {
202  ELOG("window state for dest not found\n");
203  return;
204  }
205 
206  state_dest->con = state_src->con;
207  state_src->con = NULL;
208 
209  Rect zero = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
210  if (memcmp(&(state_dest->window_rect), &(zero), sizeof(Rect)) == 0) {
211  memcpy(&(state_dest->window_rect), &(state_src->window_rect), sizeof(Rect));
212  DLOG("COPYING RECT\n");
213  }
214 }
215 
216 /*
217  * Kills the window decoration associated with the given container.
218  *
219  */
221  con_state *state;
222 
223  xcb_destroy_window(conn, con->frame);
224  xcb_free_pixmap(conn, con->pixmap);
225  xcb_free_gc(conn, con->pm_gc);
226  state = state_for_frame(con->frame);
227  CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&state_head, state, state);
228  CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
229  FREE(state->name);
230  free(state);
231 
232  /* Invalidate focused_id to correctly focus new windows with the same ID */
233  focused_id = XCB_NONE;
234 }
235 
236 /*
237  * Returns true if the client supports the given protocol atom (like WM_DELETE_WINDOW)
238  *
239  */
240 bool window_supports_protocol(xcb_window_t window, xcb_atom_t atom) {
241  xcb_get_property_cookie_t cookie;
243  bool result = false;
244 
245  cookie = xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols(conn, window, A_WM_PROTOCOLS);
246  if (xcb_icccm_get_wm_protocols_reply(conn, cookie, &protocols, NULL) != 1)
247  return false;
248 
249  /* Check if the client’s protocols have the requested atom set */
250  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < protocols.atoms_len; i++)
251  if (protocols.atoms[i] == atom)
252  result = true;
253 
255 
256  return result;
257 }
258 
259 /*
260  * Kills the given X11 window using WM_DELETE_WINDOW (if supported).
261  *
262  */
263 void x_window_kill(xcb_window_t window, kill_window_t kill_window) {
264  /* if this window does not support WM_DELETE_WINDOW, we kill it the hard way */
265  if (!window_supports_protocol(window, A_WM_DELETE_WINDOW)) {
266  if (kill_window == KILL_WINDOW) {
267  LOG("Killing specific window 0x%08x\n", window);
268  xcb_destroy_window(conn, window);
269  } else {
270  LOG("Killing the X11 client which owns window 0x%08x\n", window);
271  xcb_kill_client(conn, window);
272  }
273  return;
274  }
275 
276  /* Every X11 event is 32 bytes long. Therefore, XCB will copy 32 bytes.
277  * In order to properly initialize these bytes, we allocate 32 bytes even
278  * though we only need less for an xcb_configure_notify_event_t */
279  void *event = scalloc(32);
280  xcb_client_message_event_t *ev = event;
281 
282  ev->response_type = XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE;
283  ev->window = window;
284  ev->type = A_WM_PROTOCOLS;
285  ev->format = 32;
286  ev->data.data32[0] = A_WM_DELETE_WINDOW;
287  ev->data.data32[1] = XCB_CURRENT_TIME;
288 
289  LOG("Sending WM_DELETE to the client\n");
290  xcb_send_event(conn, false, window, XCB_EVENT_MASK_NO_EVENT, (char*)ev);
291  xcb_flush(conn);
292  free(event);
293 }
294 
295 /*
296  * Draws the decoration of the given container onto its parent.
297  *
298  */
300  Con *parent = con->parent;
301  bool leaf = con_is_leaf(con);
302  /* This code needs to run for:
303  * • leaf containers
304  * • non-leaf containers which are in a stacked/tabbed container
305  *
306  * It does not need to run for:
307  * • floating containers (they don’t have a decoration)
308  */
309  if ((!leaf &&
310  parent->layout != L_STACKED &&
311  parent->layout != L_TABBED) ||
312  con->type == CT_FLOATING_CON)
313  return;
314 
315  /* Skip containers whose height is 0 (for example empty dockareas) */
316  if (con->rect.height == 0)
317  return;
318 
319  /* Skip containers whose pixmap has not yet been created (can happen when
320  * decoration rendering happens recursively for a window for which
321  * x_push_node() was not yet called) */
322  if (leaf && con->pixmap == XCB_NONE)
323  return;
324 
325  /* 1: build deco_params and compare with cache */
326  struct deco_render_params *p = scalloc(sizeof(struct deco_render_params));
327 
328  /* find out which colors to use */
329  if (con->urgent)
330  p->color = &config.client.urgent;
331  else if (con == focused || con_inside_focused(con))
332  p->color = &config.client.focused;
333  else if (con == TAILQ_FIRST(&(parent->focus_head)))
335  else
337 
338  p->border_style = con_border_style(con);
339 
340  Rect *r = &(con->rect);
341  Rect *w = &(con->window_rect);
342  p->con_rect = (struct width_height){ r->width, r->height };
343  p->con_window_rect = (struct width_height){ w->width, w->height };
344  p->con_deco_rect = con->deco_rect;
346  p->con_is_leaf = con_is_leaf(con);
347 
348  if (con->deco_render_params != NULL &&
349  (con->window == NULL || !con->window->name_x_changed) &&
350  !parent->pixmap_recreated &&
351  !con->pixmap_recreated &&
352  memcmp(p, con->deco_render_params, sizeof(struct deco_render_params)) == 0) {
353  free(p);
354  goto copy_pixmaps;
355  }
356 
357  Con *next = con;
358  while ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(next, nodes))) {
359  FREE(next->deco_render_params);
360  }
361 
362  FREE(con->deco_render_params);
363  con->deco_render_params = p;
364 
365  if (con->window != NULL && con->window->name_x_changed)
366  con->window->name_x_changed = false;
367 
368  parent->pixmap_recreated = false;
369  con->pixmap_recreated = false;
370 
371  /* 2: draw the client.background, but only for the parts around the client_rect */
372  if (con->window != NULL) {
373  xcb_rectangle_t background[] = {
374  /* top area */
375  { 0, 0, r->width, w->y },
376  /* bottom area */
377  { 0, (w->y + w->height), r->width, r->height - (w->y + w->height) },
378  /* left area */
379  { 0, 0, w->x, r->height },
380  /* right area */
381  { w->x + w->width, 0, r->width - (w->x + w->width), r->height }
382  };
383 #if 0
384  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
385  DLOG("rect is (%d, %d) with %d x %d\n",
386  background[i].x,
387  background[i].y,
388  background[i].width,
389  background[i].height
390  );
391 #endif
392 
393  xcb_change_gc(conn, con->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]) { config.client.background });
394  xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, con->pixmap, con->pm_gc, sizeof(background) / sizeof(xcb_rectangle_t), background);
395  }
396 
397  /* 3: draw a rectangle in border color around the client */
398  if (p->border_style != BS_NONE && p->con_is_leaf) {
400 #if 0
401  DLOG("con->rect spans %d x %d\n", con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
402  DLOG("border_rect spans (%d, %d) with %d x %d\n", br.x, br.y, br.width, br.height);
403  DLOG("window_rect spans (%d, %d) with %d x %d\n", con->window_rect.x, con->window_rect.y, con->window_rect.width, con->window_rect.height);
404 #endif
405 
406  /* These rectangles represents the border around the child window
407  * (left, bottom and right part). We don’t just fill the whole
408  * rectangle because some childs are not freely resizable and we want
409  * their background color to "shine through". */
410  xcb_change_gc(conn, con->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->background });
411  xcb_rectangle_t borders[] = {
412  { 0, 0, br.x, r->height },
413  { 0, r->height + br.height + br.y, r->width, r->height },
414  { r->width + br.width + br.x, 0, r->width, r->height }
415  };
416  xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, con->pixmap, con->pm_gc, 3, borders);
417  /* 1pixel border needs an additional line at the top */
418  if (p->border_style == BS_1PIXEL) {
419  xcb_rectangle_t topline = { br.x, 0, con->rect.width + br.width + br.x, br.y };
420  xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, con->pixmap, con->pm_gc, 1, &topline);
421  }
422 
423  /* Highlight the side of the border at which the next window will be
424  * opened if we are rendering a single window within a split container
425  * (which is undistinguishable from a single window outside a split
426  * container otherwise. */
427  if (TAILQ_NEXT(con, nodes) == NULL &&
428  TAILQ_PREV(con, nodes_head, nodes) == NULL &&
429  con->parent->type != CT_FLOATING_CON) {
430  xcb_change_gc(conn, con->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->indicator });
431  if (con_orientation(con->parent) == HORIZ)
432  xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, con->pixmap, con->pm_gc, 1, (xcb_rectangle_t[]){
433  { r->width + br.width + br.x, 0, r->width, r->height + br.height } });
434  else
435  xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, con->pixmap, con->pm_gc, 1, (xcb_rectangle_t[]){
436  { br.x, r->height + br.height + br.y, r->width - (2 * br.x), r->height } });
437  }
438 
439  }
440 
441  /* if this is a borderless/1pixel window, we don’t need to render the
442  * decoration. */
443  if (p->border_style != BS_NORMAL)
444  goto copy_pixmaps;
445 
446  /* 4: paint the bar */
447  xcb_change_gc(conn, parent->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->background });
448  xcb_rectangle_t drect = { con->deco_rect.x, con->deco_rect.y, con->deco_rect.width, con->deco_rect.height };
449  xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, parent->pixmap, parent->pm_gc, 1, &drect);
450 
451  /* 5: draw two unconnected lines in border color */
452  xcb_change_gc(conn, parent->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->border });
453  Rect *dr = &(con->deco_rect);
454  xcb_segment_t segments[] = {
455  { dr->x, dr->y,
456  dr->x + dr->width - 1, dr->y },
457 
458  { dr->x + 2, dr->y + dr->height - 1,
459  dr->x + dr->width - 3, dr->y + dr->height - 1 }
460  };
461  xcb_poly_segment(conn, parent->pixmap, parent->pm_gc, 2, segments);
462 
463  /* 6: draw the title */
464  set_font_colors(parent->pm_gc, p->color->text, p->color->background);
465  int text_offset_y = (con->deco_rect.height - config.font.height) / 2;
466 
467  struct Window *win = con->window;
468  if (win == NULL || win->name_x == NULL) {
469  /* this is a non-leaf container, we need to make up a good description */
470  // TODO: use a good description instead of just "another container"
471  draw_text("another container", strlen("another container"), false,
472  parent->pixmap, parent->pm_gc,
473  con->deco_rect.x + 2, con->deco_rect.y + text_offset_y,
474  con->deco_rect.width - 2);
475  goto copy_pixmaps;
476  }
477 
478  int indent_level = 0,
479  indent_mult = 0;
480  Con *il_parent = parent;
481  if (il_parent->layout != L_STACKED) {
482  while (1) {
483  //DLOG("il_parent = %p, layout = %d\n", il_parent, il_parent->layout);
484  if (il_parent->layout == L_STACKED)
485  indent_level++;
486  if (il_parent->type == CT_WORKSPACE || il_parent->type == CT_DOCKAREA || il_parent->type == CT_OUTPUT)
487  break;
488  il_parent = il_parent->parent;
489  indent_mult++;
490  }
491  }
492  //DLOG("indent_level = %d, indent_mult = %d\n", indent_level, indent_mult);
493  int indent_px = (indent_level * 5) * indent_mult;
494 
495  draw_text(win->name_x, win->name_len, win->uses_net_wm_name,
496  parent->pixmap, parent->pm_gc,
497  con->deco_rect.x + 2 + indent_px, con->deco_rect.y + text_offset_y,
498  con->deco_rect.width - 2 - indent_px);
499 
500  /* Since we don’t clip the text at all, it might in some cases be painted
501  * on the border pixels on the right side of a window. Therefore, we draw
502  * the right border again after rendering the text (and the unconnected
503  * lines in border color). */
504 
505  /* Draw a separator line after every tab (except the last one), so that
506  * tabs can be easily distinguished. */
507  if (parent->layout == L_TABBED && TAILQ_NEXT(con, nodes) != NULL) {
508  xcb_change_gc(conn, parent->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->border });
509  } else {
510  xcb_change_gc(conn, parent->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->background });
511  }
512  xcb_poly_line(conn, XCB_COORD_MODE_ORIGIN, parent->pixmap, parent->pm_gc, 4,
513  (xcb_point_t[]){
514  { dr->x + dr->width - 1, dr->y },
515  { dr->x + dr->width - 1, dr->y + dr->height },
516  { dr->x + dr->width - 2, dr->y },
517  { dr->x + dr->width - 2, dr->y + dr->height }
518  });
519 
520  xcb_change_gc(conn, parent->pm_gc, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, (uint32_t[]){ p->color->border });
521  xcb_poly_segment(conn, parent->pixmap, parent->pm_gc, 2, segments);
522 
523 copy_pixmaps:
524  xcb_copy_area(conn, con->pixmap, con->frame, con->pm_gc, 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
525 }
526 
527 /*
528  * Recursively calls x_draw_decoration. This cannot be done in x_push_node
529  * because x_push_node uses focus order to recurse (see the comment above)
530  * while drawing the decoration needs to happen in the actual order.
531  *
532  */
533 void x_deco_recurse(Con *con) {
534  Con *current;
535  bool leaf = TAILQ_EMPTY(&(con->nodes_head)) &&
536  TAILQ_EMPTY(&(con->floating_head));
537  con_state *state = state_for_frame(con->frame);
538 
539  if (!leaf) {
540  TAILQ_FOREACH(current, &(con->nodes_head), nodes)
541  x_deco_recurse(current);
542 
543  TAILQ_FOREACH(current, &(con->floating_head), floating_windows)
544  x_deco_recurse(current);
545 
546  if (state->mapped)
547  xcb_copy_area(conn, con->pixmap, con->frame, con->pm_gc, 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
548  }
549 
550  if ((con->type != CT_ROOT && con->type != CT_OUTPUT) &&
551  (!leaf || con->mapped))
552  x_draw_decoration(con);
553 }
554 
555 /*
556  * This function pushes the properties of each node of the layout tree to
557  * X11 if they have changed (like the map state, position of the window, …).
558  * It recursively traverses all children of the given node.
559  *
560  */
561 void x_push_node(Con *con) {
562  Con *current;
563  con_state *state;
564  Rect rect = con->rect;
565 
566  //DLOG("Pushing changes for node %p / %s\n", con, con->name);
567  state = state_for_frame(con->frame);
568 
569  if (state->name != NULL) {
570  DLOG("pushing name %s for con %p\n", state->name, con);
571 
572  xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, con->frame,
573  XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME, XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8, strlen(state->name), state->name);
574  FREE(state->name);
575  }
576 
577  if (con->window == NULL) {
578  /* Calculate the height of all window decorations which will be drawn on to
579  * this frame. */
580  uint32_t max_y = 0, max_height = 0;
581  TAILQ_FOREACH(current, &(con->nodes_head), nodes) {
582  Rect *dr = &(current->deco_rect);
583  if (dr->y >= max_y && dr->height >= max_height) {
584  max_y = dr->y;
585  max_height = dr->height;
586  }
587  }
588  rect.height = max_y + max_height;
589  if (rect.height == 0)
590  con->mapped = false;
591  }
592 
593  /* reparent the child window (when the window was moved due to a sticky
594  * container) */
595  if (state->need_reparent && con->window != NULL) {
596  DLOG("Reparenting child window\n");
597 
598  /* Temporarily set the event masks to XCB_NONE so that we won’t get
599  * UnmapNotify events (otherwise the handler would close the container).
600  * These events are generated automatically when reparenting. */
601  uint32_t values[] = { XCB_NONE };
602  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->old_frame, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
603  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
604 
605  xcb_reparent_window(conn, con->window->id, con->frame, 0, 0);
606 
607  values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
608  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->old_frame, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
609  values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
610  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
611 
612  state->old_frame = XCB_NONE;
613  state->need_reparent = false;
614 
615  con->ignore_unmap++;
616  DLOG("ignore_unmap for reparenting of con %p (win 0x%08x) is now %d\n",
617  con, con->window->id, con->ignore_unmap);
618  }
619 
620  bool fake_notify = false;
621  /* Set new position if rect changed (and if height > 0) */
622  if (memcmp(&(state->rect), &rect, sizeof(Rect)) != 0 &&
623  rect.height > 0) {
624  /* We first create the new pixmap, then render to it, set it as the
625  * background and only afterwards change the window size. This reduces
626  * flickering. */
627 
628  /* As the pixmap only depends on the size and not on the position, it
629  * is enough to check if width/height have changed. Also, we don’t
630  * create a pixmap at all when the window is actually not visible
631  * (height == 0). */
632  if ((state->rect.width != rect.width ||
633  state->rect.height != rect.height)) {
634  if (con->pixmap == 0) {
635  con->pixmap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
636  con->pm_gc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
637  } else {
638  xcb_free_pixmap(conn, con->pixmap);
639  xcb_free_gc(conn, con->pm_gc);
640  }
641 
642  uint16_t win_depth = root_depth;
643  if (con->window)
644  win_depth = con->window->depth;
645 
646  xcb_create_pixmap(conn, win_depth, con->pixmap, con->frame, rect.width, rect.height);
647 
648  /* For the graphics context, we disable GraphicsExposure events.
649  * Those will be sent when a CopyArea request cannot be fulfilled
650  * properly due to parts of the source being unmapped or otherwise
651  * unavailable. Since we always copy from pixmaps to windows, this
652  * is not a concern for us. */
653  uint32_t values[] = { 0 };
654  xcb_create_gc(conn, con->pm_gc, con->pixmap, XCB_GC_GRAPHICS_EXPOSURES, values);
655 
656  con->pixmap_recreated = true;
657 
658  /* Don’t render the decoration for windows inside a stack which are
659  * not visible right now */
660  if (!con->parent ||
661  con->parent->layout != L_STACKED ||
662  TAILQ_FIRST(&(con->parent->focus_head)) == con)
663  /* Render the decoration now to make the correct decoration visible
664  * from the very first moment. Later calls will be cached, so this
665  * doesn’t hurt performance. */
666  x_deco_recurse(con);
667  }
668 
669  DLOG("setting rect (%d, %d, %d, %d)\n", rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height);
670  /* flush to ensure that the following commands are sent in a single
671  * buffer and will be processed directly afterwards (the contents of a
672  * window get lost when resizing it, therefore we want to provide it as
673  * fast as possible) */
674  xcb_flush(conn);
675  xcb_set_window_rect(conn, con->frame, rect);
676  if (con->pixmap != XCB_NONE)
677  xcb_copy_area(conn, con->pixmap, con->frame, con->pm_gc, 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
678  xcb_flush(conn);
679 
680  memcpy(&(state->rect), &rect, sizeof(Rect));
681  fake_notify = true;
682  }
683 
684  /* dito, but for child windows */
685  if (con->window != NULL &&
686  memcmp(&(state->window_rect), &(con->window_rect), sizeof(Rect)) != 0) {
687  DLOG("setting window rect (%d, %d, %d, %d)\n",
688  con->window_rect.x, con->window_rect.y, con->window_rect.width, con->window_rect.height);
690  memcpy(&(state->window_rect), &(con->window_rect), sizeof(Rect));
691  fake_notify = true;
692  }
693 
694  /* Map if map state changed, also ensure that the child window
695  * is changed if we are mapped *and* in initial state (meaning the
696  * container was empty before, but now got a child). Unmaps are handled in
697  * x_push_node_unmaps(). */
698  if ((state->mapped != con->mapped || (con->mapped && state->initial)) &&
699  con->mapped) {
700  xcb_void_cookie_t cookie;
701 
702  if (con->window != NULL) {
703  /* Set WM_STATE_NORMAL because GTK applications don’t want to
704  * drag & drop if we don’t. Also, xprop(1) needs it. */
705  long data[] = { XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_NORMAL, XCB_NONE };
706  xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, con->window->id,
707  A_WM_STATE, A_WM_STATE, 32, 2, data);
708  }
709 
710  uint32_t values[1];
711  if (!state->child_mapped && con->window != NULL) {
712  cookie = xcb_map_window(conn, con->window->id);
713 
714  /* We are interested in EnterNotifys as soon as the window is
715  * mapped */
716  values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
717  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
718  DLOG("mapping child window (serial %d)\n", cookie.sequence);
719  state->child_mapped = true;
720  }
721 
722  cookie = xcb_map_window(conn, con->frame);
723 
724  values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
725  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, con->frame, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
726 
727  /* copy the pixmap contents to the frame window immediately after mapping */
728  if (con->pixmap != XCB_NONE)
729  xcb_copy_area(conn, con->pixmap, con->frame, con->pm_gc, 0, 0, 0, 0, con->rect.width, con->rect.height);
730  xcb_flush(conn);
731 
732  DLOG("mapping container %08x (serial %d)\n", con->frame, cookie.sequence);
733  state->mapped = con->mapped;
734  }
735 
736  state->unmap_now = (state->mapped != con->mapped) && !con->mapped;
737 
738  if (fake_notify) {
739  DLOG("Sending fake configure notify\n");
741  }
742 
743  /* Handle all children and floating windows of this node. We recurse
744  * in focus order to display the focused client in a stack first when
745  * switching workspaces (reduces flickering). */
746  TAILQ_FOREACH(current, &(con->focus_head), focused)
747  x_push_node(current);
748 }
749 
750 /*
751  * Same idea as in x_push_node(), but this function only unmaps windows. It is
752  * necessary to split this up to handle new fullscreen clients properly: The
753  * new window needs to be mapped and focus needs to be set *before* the
754  * underlying windows are unmapped. Otherwise, focus will revert to the
755  * PointerRoot and will then be set to the new window, generating unnecessary
756  * FocusIn/FocusOut events.
757  *
758  */
759 static void x_push_node_unmaps(Con *con) {
760  Con *current;
761  con_state *state;
762 
763  //DLOG("Pushing changes (with unmaps) for node %p / %s\n", con, con->name);
764  state = state_for_frame(con->frame);
765 
766  /* map/unmap if map state changed, also ensure that the child window
767  * is changed if we are mapped *and* in initial state (meaning the
768  * container was empty before, but now got a child) */
769  if (state->unmap_now) {
770  xcb_void_cookie_t cookie;
771  if (con->window != NULL) {
772  /* Set WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN, it seems like Java apps need it */
773  long data[] = { XCB_ICCCM_WM_STATE_WITHDRAWN, XCB_NONE };
774  xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, con->window->id,
775  A_WM_STATE, A_WM_STATE, 32, 2, data);
776  }
777 
778  cookie = xcb_unmap_window(conn, con->frame);
779  DLOG("unmapping container (serial %d)\n", cookie.sequence);
780  /* we need to increase ignore_unmap for this container (if it
781  * contains a window) and for every window "under" this one which
782  * contains a window */
783  if (con->window != NULL) {
784  con->ignore_unmap++;
785  DLOG("ignore_unmap for con %p (frame 0x%08x) now %d\n", con, con->frame, con->ignore_unmap);
786  }
787  state->mapped = con->mapped;
788  }
789 
790  /* handle all children and floating windows of this node */
791  TAILQ_FOREACH(current, &(con->nodes_head), nodes)
792  x_push_node_unmaps(current);
793 
794  TAILQ_FOREACH(current, &(con->floating_head), floating_windows)
795  x_push_node_unmaps(current);
796 }
797 
798 /*
799  * Pushes all changes (state of each node, see x_push_node() and the window
800  * stack) to X11.
801  *
802  * NOTE: We need to push the stack first so that the windows have the correct
803  * stacking order. This is relevant for workspace switching where we map the
804  * windows because mapping may generate EnterNotify events. When they are
805  * generated in the wrong order, this will cause focus problems when switching
806  * workspaces.
807  *
808  */
809 void x_push_changes(Con *con) {
810  con_state *state;
811  xcb_query_pointer_cookie_t pointercookie;
812 
813  /* If we need to warp later, we request the pointer position as soon as possible */
814  if (warp_to) {
815  pointercookie = xcb_query_pointer(conn, root);
816  }
817 
818  DLOG("-- PUSHING WINDOW STACK --\n");
819  //DLOG("Disabling EnterNotify\n");
820  uint32_t values[1] = { XCB_NONE };
821  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(state, &state_head, state) {
822  if (state->mapped)
823  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
824  }
825  //DLOG("Done, EnterNotify disabled\n");
826  bool order_changed = false;
827  bool stacking_changed = false;
828 
829  /* count first, necessary to (re)allocate memory for the bottom-to-top
830  * stack afterwards */
831  int cnt = 0;
832  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(state, &state_head, state)
833  if (state->con && state->con->window)
834  cnt++;
835 
836  if (cnt != btt_stack_num) {
837  btt_stack = srealloc(btt_stack, sizeof(xcb_window_t) * cnt);
838  btt_stack_num = cnt;
839  }
840 
841  xcb_window_t *walk = btt_stack;
842 
843  /* X11 correctly represents the stack if we push it from bottom to top */
844  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(state, &state_head, state) {
845  if (state->con && state->con->window)
846  memcpy(walk++, &(state->con->window->id), sizeof(xcb_window_t));
847 
848  //DLOG("stack: 0x%08x\n", state->id);
849  con_state *prev = CIRCLEQ_PREV(state, state);
850  con_state *old_prev = CIRCLEQ_PREV(state, old_state);
851  if (prev != old_prev)
852  order_changed = true;
853  if ((state->initial || order_changed) && prev != CIRCLEQ_END(&state_head)) {
854  stacking_changed = true;
855  //DLOG("Stacking 0x%08x above 0x%08x\n", prev->id, state->id);
856  uint32_t mask = 0;
857  mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_SIBLING;
858  mask |= XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE;
859  uint32_t values[] = {state->id, XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE};
860 
861  xcb_configure_window(conn, prev->id, mask, values);
862  }
863  state->initial = false;
864  }
865 
866  /* If we re-stacked something (or a new window appeared), we need to update
867  * the _NET_CLIENT_LIST_STACKING hint */
868  if (stacking_changed)
870 
871  DLOG("PUSHING CHANGES\n");
872  x_push_node(con);
873 
874  if (warp_to) {
875  xcb_query_pointer_reply_t *pointerreply = xcb_query_pointer_reply(conn, pointercookie, NULL);
876  if (!pointerreply) {
877  ELOG("Could not query pointer position, not warping pointer\n");
878  } else {
879  int mid_x = warp_to->x + (warp_to->width / 2);
880  int mid_y = warp_to->y + (warp_to->height / 2);
881 
882  Output *current = get_output_containing(pointerreply->root_x, pointerreply->root_y);
883  Output *target = get_output_containing(mid_x, mid_y);
884  if (current != target)
885  xcb_warp_pointer(conn, XCB_NONE, root, 0, 0, 0, 0, mid_x, mid_y);
886  }
887  warp_to = NULL;
888  }
889 
890  //DLOG("Re-enabling EnterNotify\n");
891  values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK;
892  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(state, &state_head, state) {
893  if (state->mapped)
894  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
895  }
896  //DLOG("Done, EnterNotify re-enabled\n");
897 
898  x_deco_recurse(con);
899 
900  xcb_window_t to_focus = focused->frame;
901  if (focused->window != NULL)
902  to_focus = focused->window->id;
903 
904  if (focused_id != to_focus) {
905  if (!focused->mapped) {
906  DLOG("Not updating focus (to %p / %s), focused window is not mapped.\n", focused, focused->name);
907  /* Invalidate focused_id to correctly focus new windows with the same ID */
908  focused_id = XCB_NONE;
909  } else {
910  bool set_focus = true;
911  if (focused->window != NULL &&
913  DLOG("Updating focus by sending WM_TAKE_FOCUS to window 0x%08x (focused: %p / %s)\n",
914  to_focus, focused, focused->name);
915  send_take_focus(to_focus);
916  set_focus = !focused->window->doesnt_accept_focus;
917  DLOG("set_focus = %d\n", set_focus);
918  }
919 
920  if (set_focus) {
921  DLOG("Updating focus (focused: %p / %s)\n", focused, focused->name);
922  /* We remove XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE from the event mask to get
923  * no focus change events for our own focus changes. We only want
924  * these generated by the clients. */
925  if (focused->window != NULL) {
926  values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK & ~(XCB_EVENT_MASK_FOCUS_CHANGE);
927  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, focused->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
928  }
929  xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, to_focus, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
930  if (focused->window != NULL) {
931  values[0] = CHILD_EVENT_MASK;
932  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, focused->window->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
933  }
934 
935  ewmh_update_active_window(to_focus);
936  }
937 
939  }
940  }
941 
942  if (focused_id == XCB_NONE) {
943  DLOG("Still no window focused, better set focus to the root window\n");
944  xcb_set_input_focus(conn, XCB_INPUT_FOCUS_POINTER_ROOT, root, XCB_CURRENT_TIME);
945  focused_id = root;
946  }
947 
948  xcb_flush(conn);
949  DLOG("ENDING CHANGES\n");
950 
951  /* Disable EnterWindow events for windows which will be unmapped in
952  * x_push_node_unmaps() now. Unmapping windows happens when switching
953  * workspaces. We want to avoid getting EnterNotifies during that phase
954  * because they would screw up our focus. One of these cases is having a
955  * stack with two windows. If the first window is focused and gets
956  * unmapped, the second one appears under the cursor and therefore gets an
957  * EnterNotify event. */
958  values[0] = FRAME_EVENT_MASK & ~XCB_EVENT_MASK_ENTER_WINDOW;
959  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(state, &state_head, state) {
960  if (!state->unmap_now)
961  continue;
962  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
963  }
964 
965  /* Push all pending unmaps */
966  x_push_node_unmaps(con);
967 
968  /* save the current stack as old stack */
969  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(state, &state_head, state) {
970  CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
971  CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&old_state_head, state, old_state);
972  }
973  //CIRCLEQ_FOREACH(state, &old_state_head, old_state) {
974  // DLOG("old stack: 0x%08x\n", state->id);
975  //}
976 
977  xcb_flush(conn);
978 }
979 
980 /*
981  * Raises the specified container in the internal stack of X windows. The
982  * next call to x_push_changes() will make the change visible in X11.
983  *
984  */
985 void x_raise_con(Con *con) {
986  con_state *state;
987  state = state_for_frame(con->frame);
988  //DLOG("raising in new stack: %p / %s / %s / xid %08x\n", con, con->name, con->window ? con->window->name_json : "", state->id);
989 
990  CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&state_head, state, state);
991  CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&state_head, state, state);
992 }
993 
994 /*
995  * Sets the WM_NAME property (so, no UTF8, but used only for debugging anyways)
996  * of the given name. Used for properly tagging the windows for easily spotting
997  * i3 windows in xwininfo -root -all.
998  *
999  */
1000 void x_set_name(Con *con, const char *name) {
1001  struct con_state *state;
1002 
1003  if ((state = state_for_frame(con->frame)) == NULL) {
1004  ELOG("window state not found\n");
1005  return;
1006  }
1007 
1008  FREE(state->name);
1009  state->name = sstrdup(name);
1010 }
1011 
1012 /*
1013  * Sets up i3 specific atoms (I3_SOCKET_PATH and I3_CONFIG_PATH)
1014  *
1015  */
1016 void x_set_i3_atoms(void) {
1017  xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_SOCKET_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
1018  (current_socketpath == NULL ? 0 : strlen(current_socketpath)),
1020  xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_CONFIG_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
1022  xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, root, A_I3_SHMLOG_PATH, A_UTF8_STRING, 8,
1023  strlen(shmlogname), shmlogname);
1024 }
1025 
1026 /*
1027  * Set warp_to coordinates. This will trigger on the next call to
1028  * x_push_changes().
1029  *
1030  */
1032 {
1033  warp_to = rect;
1034 }
1035 
1036 /*
1037  * Applies the given mask to the event mask of every i3 window decoration X11
1038  * window. This is useful to disable EnterNotify while resizing so that focus
1039  * is untouched.
1040  *
1041  */
1042 void x_mask_event_mask(uint32_t mask) {
1043  uint32_t values[] = { FRAME_EVENT_MASK & mask };
1044 
1045  con_state *state;
1046  CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(state, &state_head, state) {
1047  if (state->mapped)
1048  xcb_change_window_attributes(conn, state->id, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK, values);
1049  }
1050 }